A histopathological study of vesiculobullous skin lesions in a tertiary care hospital in Chhattisgarh, India

Abstract Background: Vesiculobullous skin lesions (VBLs) encompass a heterogeneous group of dermatological disorders, each with distinct clinical and pathological characteristics. Skin punch biopsy remains a fundamental diagnostic tool in evaluating these lesions. Histopathological examination is vital in confirming the diagnosis, guiding targeted therapy, and improving clinical outcomes. Aims and Objectives: To analyze the histopathological features, distribution patterns, and clinicopathological correlations of VBLs over 2 years. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Pathology between June 2022 and May 2024. It included all skin punch biopsies received from patients of all age groups presenting with vesiculobullous lesions during the study period. Results: A total of 84 cases were examined, comprising 32 males and 52 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.6. Patients were aged 22 to 73 years, with the highest incidence observed in the 31–40-year age group (42 cases). The mean patient age was 38 years. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was the most frequently diagnosed condition, accounting for 42 cases, followed by pemphigus foliaceus accounting for 24 cases. Bullous pemphigoid was seen in seven cases, while erythema multiforme accounted for three cases. Rare conditions such as epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, subepidermal bullous lesions, lichen planus pemphigoid, and Darier disease were identified in two cases. Conclusion: The study highlighted a slight female predominance among patients with VBLs, with the 31–40-year age group most commonly affected. The extremities were the most frequent site of involvement. PV emerged as the predominant vesiculobullous disorder in this cohort. The limitation of our study includes the lack of immunofluorescence in our center and single-institute data.