Portfolios in competency-based medical education: a roadmap to holistic MBBS training

Abstract This review article highlights the essential role of portfolios in Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME). Once simple tools for record-keeping, portfolios have evolved into crucial instruments for assessment and learning. They support reflective practice and offer a comprehensive way to monitor students’ development throughout their medical training. The article examines various types of portfolios, their integration into the CBME framework, and the experiences of both students and educators in utilizing them. It also compares portfolios with traditional assessment methods and addresses common challenges such as time constraints, technological barriers, and anxiety related to evaluation. To enhance the effectiveness of portfolios, the review discusses supportive strategies, including mentorship, the use of digital platforms, and innovative approaches like artificial intelligence and gamification. When implemented thoughtfully, portfolios can greatly contribute to developing competent, confident, and reflective medical professionals.