Development of youth information and media literacy: analysis of non-formal educational activities

The development of information and media literacy among young people is particularly crucial in the context of hybrid warfare, disinformation, and growing digital threats. This study focuses on identifying the most effective forms of non-formal educational activities that contribute to strengthening youth competencies in this area. The research is based on the results of the "MEDIA & CAPSULES" project, implemented within the global IREX initiative "Learn and Discern: Media Literacy – National Deployment". The project included webinars, master classes, and information and media workshops, involving students, teachers, and lecturers. To assess information and media literacy, three key indicators were used: information literacy, media literacy, and digital security. Statistical methods (Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis) indicated that webinars most effectively improve information literacy, master classes enhance digital security, and workshops strengthen media literacy. The findings can inform the development of educational programs and confirm the effectiveness of integrating media education with the principles of digital citizenship in modern educational practices.