<i>In Vitro</i> Alpha Amylase and Protein Denaturation Inhibitory Activities of <i>Premna barbata</i> Extracts with <i>In Silico</i> Insights

Background: Around the world, medicinal plants are an important part of many traditional medical systems. Different species of Premna showed diversified bioactivities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, etc. Premna barbata Wall. Ex Schauer, commonly known as Aganyo and Bakhara in Uttarakhand, India, is a member of the Lamiaceae family. Premna barbata has not been explored much. Aim: This manuscript evaluated chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of P. barbata with alpha amylase and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition, with in silico insights. Methods: Both extracts were phytochemically screened, which confirmed the presence of protein, carbohydrate, glycoside, and flavonoid. Then, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were biologically tested by in vitro alpha amylase and protein denaturation inhibitory methods associated with Diabetes mellitus, and inflammation. Molecular docking analyses were performed using P. barbata phytoconstituents (geniposidic acid, epi-alpha-bisabolol, 1-octen-3-ol) with alpha amylase and cyclooxygenase-2 receptors. Results: Premna barbata chloroform extract, P. barbata ethyl acetate extract, and acarbose showed alpha amylase inhibitory properties with IC50 values of 67.85µg/ml, 70.37µg/ml, and 67.35µg/ml, respectively. Premna barbata chloroform, P. barbata ethyl acetate extract, and aspirin showed good protein denaturation inhibition with IC50 values of 72.85µg/ml, 74.18µg/ml, and 26.76µg/ml, respectively. Molecular docking analysis data showed that geniposidic acid and epi-alpha-bisabolol observed with good docking scores against alpha amylase and cyclooxygenase-2 receptors. These phytoconstituents may be responsible for the antidiabetic and antiinflammatory properties of P. barbata. Conclusion: These findings confirmed that Premna barbata showed good potential as an antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent. Major Findings: Premna barbata showed significant antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Computational investigation confirmed the importance of geniposidic acid and epi-alpha-bisabolol in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus and inflammation.