Helping Opioid Use Disorder and PTSD with Exposure (HOPE): An Open-Label Pilot Study of a Trauma-Focused, Integrated Therapy for OUD/PTSD

Opioid use disorder (OUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur. However, there are no psychotherapy treatments intentionally designed for this comorbidity, nor designed to be augmented with medications for OUD. In this open-label pilot trial, we tested Helping Opioid Use Disorder and PTSD with Exposure (HOPE), a novel integrated, trauma-focused treatment for individuals (<i>N</i> = 6) with OUD/PTSD who were stabilized on medications for OUD. HOPE was delivered weekly for 10-12 sessions, and one follow-up visit was conducted ~1-month post-treatment. Primary outcomes included urine drug screens, the Timeline Followback, Desire for Drugs Questionnaire, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale-5 (CAPS-5), and PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5). Boot-strapped linear mixed effect models and generalized estimating equations showed that PTSD symptoms (CAPS-5: <i>B</i> = -7.16, <i>SE</i> = 1.24, <i>p</i> < 0.01; PCL-5: <i>B</i> = -2.04, <i>SE</i> = 0.26, <i>p</i> < 0.01), desire for opioids (<i>B</i> = -0.56, <i>SE</i> = 0.15, <i>p</i> < 0.01), depression symptoms (<i>B</i> = -0.43, <i>SE</i> = 0.09, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and anxiety symptoms (<i>B</i> = -0.50, <i>SE</i> = 0.08, <i>p</i> < 0.01) decreased significantly over time. Client satisfaction increased throughout the study (<i>B</i> = 0.18, <i>SE</i> = 0.08, <i>p</i> = 0.02), and 83.3% of participants completed the therapy and follow-up visit. There were no significant changes in opioid or other substance use from baseline to follow-up. Although preliminary, results show high acceptability and feasibility of the HOPE therapy and demonstrate significant improvements in PTSD and associated symptoms with an integrated, trauma-focused treatment.