Presentation, Risk Factors and Angiographic Profile of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Single Centred Observational Study from Central India

Introduction: "Diabetes mellitus" (DM) has garnered global concern for being an epidemic. Asian Indians are at greater risk of acute coronary events and that too at an earlier age. Hence this study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital of central India to explore the differences in the presentation, risk factors and angiographic profile of cases of acute coronary syndrome with and without diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods: The present study is a single-centred observational study undertaken in the department of cardiology at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nagpur, India. The study included 152 patients both diabetic as well as non-diabetic who were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome. Frequency and percentages were calculated for quantitative data. Mean and standard deviations were calculated for continuous data and the student's t-test was used to compare means of two groups. The chi square test was used for categorical data. A p value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Out of 152, 71(46.71%) had ST segment elevated myocardial infarction, 61(40.13 %) had Non-ST segment elevated myocardial infarction, and 20 (13.15%) had unstable angina. Diabetic cases of ACS were significantly younger (495.2 years) as compared to non-diabetic cases. Females were more common in the diabetic group and gender was significantly associated with the diabetic status of ACS study subjects. Average BMI was significantly higher and obesity was more prevalent in diabetic group. Smoking, hypertension and dyslipidaemia were also more common among diabetic cases of ACS. Double/ triple vessel disease were significantly more common in diabetics as compared to non-diabetics. Conclusion: diabetic cases of ACS presented at a younger age, and the patients were more commonly females. Higher BMI and obesity was more common in diabetic cases. Smoking, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, and double/ triple vessel disease were also significantly more prevalent among diabetic cases of ACS.