Mathematical model of blast furnace hearth condition based on data from thermocouples in refrigerator belts

The control of blast furnace hearth lining is of critical importance in ensuring efficient and safe operation of blast furnace production process. Hearth lining plays a fundamental role in protecting the blast furnace walls from high temperatures and chemically aggressive slag melt. Early detection of high wear areas allows planning of preventive maintenance, thereby minimizing downtime and lost productivity. Furthermore, it contributes to the efficient use of resources by optimizing the replacement of damaged lining sections, thus avoiding unnecessary expenditure on preventive measures. The paper presents a three-dimensional unsteady model of blast furnace hearth, developed based on thermocouple data. This model facilitates estimation of the crucible heat-up and temperature distribution in the crucible masonry in three-dimensional and two-dimensional (graphical) forms. Estimation of the hearth lining burnout is achieved through the utilization of readings of the thermocouples installed in the hearth lining of blast furnace in the area encompassing the three lower refrigerator belts. Implementation of the mathematical model is permissible at any juncture following the overhaul of the first discharge. If a sufficient amount of time passed since the blast furnace was blown in, and there is a possibility of burnout or skull formation in the hearth lining, it is also necessary to utilize the results of ultrasonic control (USC) of the blast furnace lower part. The mathematical model of the blast furnace hearth condition enables informed decision-making by users regarding prevention of the emergency situations related to lining burnout, thus demonstrating its potential as a tool for enhancing the efficiency and safe operation of blast furnaces.