Perianesthetic Management in a Patient With Alzheimer’s Disease Complicated With Pulmonary Infection Who Underwent Emergency Right Artificial Femoral Head Replacement Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

<b>Background:</b> Choosing the appropriate timing for surgery is a common clinical problem when hip fracture occurs in elderly patients with a variety of complications. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We present a fatal case involving an 84-year-old male patient with bradycardia who underwent cardiac pacemaker implantation and presented with cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and pulmonary infection and had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) IV status; this patient underwent emergency right artificial femoral head replacement surgery. We strengthened our perioperative evaluation and monitoring, but the patient's condition did not improve after the operation. <b>Conclusion:</b> We utilized multidisciplinary consultation before the operation, attempted to improve the state of the patient before the operation, chose an appropriate anesthetic scheme during the operation, strengthened cardiopulmonary protections, and returned the patient to the ward safely after the operation; however, the patient did not recover well post operation.