Gibberellins and their interplay with other hormones in the regulation of fruit ripening

Gibberellins (GAs) are a class of tetracyclic diterpenoid phytohormones involved in a wide range of plant growth and developmental processes, including seed germination, stem elongation, flower and fruit development. Fruit ripening is a complex process mediated by a regulatory network consists of plant hormones, key transcription factors and epigenetics. Ethylene plays a key role in climacteric fruit ripening, but the involvement of other phytohormones in ripening process remains largely unexplored. Recently, there are increasing evidence showed that GA also play an important role in fruit ripening and related quality regulation. Here, we summarize the recent advances in GA biosynthesis, signaling transduction and their involvement in fruit ripening. Moreover, we discuss the role of GAs in regulating ripening-related traits including softening, color, and flavor formation, as well as their interactions with other hormones in controlling fruit ripening. By integrating insights into GA-mediated control of cell wall integrity, pigment metabolism, and hormonal crosstalk, this review highlights the potential of manipulating GA pathways to optimize fruit quality and postharvest shelf life.