Research progress of hepatitis B virus and its vaccine

Hepatitis B is a serious worldwide public health problem with a very high incidence. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and vaccination is the primary preventive measure. However, vaccine non-response or weak immune responses remain a challenge. This article introduces the morphological and biological characteristics of HBV, describes its invasion and replication process, and summarizes the pathogenesis of hepatitis B and its common treatments. At the same time, the types and immune mechanisms of hepatitis B vaccine were summarized, and the phenomenon of non-response or weak response to the vaccine after hepatitis B vaccine was discussed from three directions: individual factors, vaccination factors and other influencing factors, so as to better guide the clinical treatment of hepatitis B.