Annals of Phytomedicine (AP)

Liver diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide and represent a significant burden as chronic conditions often associated with severe complications, including diabetes mellitus, a disorder intricately linked to oxidative stress.The adverse effects and limitations of conventional synthetic drugs have spurred growing interest in plant-derived therapeutic agents as safer alternatives.In this context, the present study investigates the multifaceted therapeutic potential of the methanolic extract obtained from the flowers of Tamarindus indica L., with a particular focus on its antidiabetic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities.Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of T. indica flowers confirmed the presence of several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins.The in vivo antidiabetic efficacy of the extract was evaluated using streptozotocin induced diabetic rat models.Treatment with the extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and normalised dyslipidemic profiles.Antioxidant potential was established through in vitro assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), demonstrating potent free radical scavenging activity.Moreover, the extract enhanced the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, particularly superoxide dismutase (SOD), in oxidative stress-induced models.Hepatoprotective effects were investigated in rats with chemically induced hepatic injury, where administration of the extract resulted in a marked decrease in serum liver enzyme levels, including alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), along with improved liver histopathological architecture.Collectively, these findings indicate that T. indica flower extract exhibits significant antidiabetic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing diabetes, oxidative stress, and liver-related disorders.