Diastolic Dysfunction in Normotensive Adult with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh

A BSTRACT Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to cardiovascular complications, even in normotensive individuals without overt heart disease. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is an early sign of cardiac impairment in T2DM, often undiagnosed, potentially progressing to heart failure. This study aimed to assess diastolic function in normotensive T2DM patients and identify associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Cumilla Diabetic Hospital, Cumilla over a period of 1 year. A total of 136 normotensive patients with T2DM, with no prior history of hypertension and any other cardiovascular disease were included. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, clinical evaluations, laboratory investigations, and echocardiographic assessments. DD was confirmed and graded via echocardiography. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential methods. Results: The mean age of respondents was 52.94 ± 10.14 (standard deviation) years, with a female predominance (61.8%). DD was detected in 46.3% of respondents, with grade I DD being the most common (41.2%). Poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%) was observed in 91.9%, while 85.3% had dyslipidemia. DD was associated with a longer median duration of T2DM (8 vs. 7 years, P < 0.001) and higher obesity prevalence (85.7% vs. 72.6%, P = 0.04). Duration of T2DM was a significant predictor of DD (odds ratio: 1.23; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.49; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Nearly half of the normotensive individuals with T2DM had DD. Longer diabetes duration and obesity were associated factors. Routine echocardiographic screening might be considered for early detection and intervention.