Integration of Medical Resources under the Provincial Hospital Trusteeship Model in County-Level Medical Communities: A Case Study of X County, China

<span style="text-wrap-mode: wrap;">This study explores the pathways and institutional mechanisms for integrating and coordinating high-quality medical resources under the provincial hospital trusteeship model within county-level medical communities. Using X County as a case study, it examines the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing counterpart assistance policies, with a particular focus on the mismatch between resource allocation and local healthcare needs. Guided by the principle of “One Hospital, One Specialty, Differentiated Development,” the research proposes strategies to optimize the deployment of counterpart assistance personnel, strengthen resource-sharing mechanisms, and address systemic issues such as workforce shortages, technological disparities, and public distrust in primary healthcare institutions. Through empirical analysis of the restructuring process in X County’s medical community and the establishment of a five-tier collaborative framework (provincial hospital–county general hospital–county hospitals–township health centers–village clinics), the paper underscores the importance of long-term incentives, demand-driven support, and regional resource integration in promoting equitable healthcare delivery. The findings reveal significant improvements in primary care capacity, talent cultivation, and technological innovation, offering practical insights for policymakers and healthcare administrators to enhance medical community models nationwide.</span>