Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Outcome Analysis of Cardiovascular Heart Failure in the Elderly

This retrospective study investigates the clinical diagnostic workflow and therapeutic efficacy of different treatment strategies for elderly patients with cardiovascular heart failure. We enrolled 120 inpatients aged 65 or older treated between January 2022 and December 2024. A multimodal diagnostic approach—comprising electrocardiography, echocardiography, BNP/NT-proBNP measurement, and right-heart catheterization—was compared in terms of diagnostic accuracy and early disease staging. Therapeutically, patients were stratified by disease severity and received diuretics, ACE inhibitors or ARBs, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; a subset of severe cases also underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement. We evaluated short-term (3-month) and mid- to long-term (12-month) outcomes by monitoring left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), six-minute walk distance (6MWD), rehospitalization rate, and one-year overall survival. The multimodal diagnostic strategy significantly improved early detection rates, while the combined treatment regimen notably enhanced LVEF and reduced the risk of rehospitalization. CRT/ICD support conferred additional prognostic benefits in the most severe subgroup. Our findings suggest that individualized diagnostic and therapeutic pathways can optimize clinical outcomes and resource utilization in elderly heart failure patients, providing an evidence base for standardized care protocols.