Research on the Sustainable Development Path of E-Commerce from the Perspective of Low-Carbon Transformation—Based on Carbon Footprint Deconstruction and Model Innovation Analysis

在“碳达峰碳中和”目标背景下，电子商务作为数字经济的核心领域，其低碳转型对经济社会系统性变革具有重要意义。本文通过解构电子商务全生命周期的碳足迹，揭示商品生产、仓储管理、物流运输、配送退换及废弃处理等环节的碳排放特征与关键矛盾。针对技术、模式与制度三重维度，提出技术驱动型减碳路径，包括智能算法优化物流网络、区块链追溯碳足迹；创新共享仓储、循环包装等运营模式；构建碳标签、碳普惠等制度保障体系等。在电子商务可持续发展的过程中，企业短期利益与长期责任冲突、消费者行为割裂及政府治理矛盾构成转型现实障碍，需通过多方协同治理破解。本文为电子商务低碳转型提供全生命周期视角的理论框架与实践策略，助力“双碳”目标实现与数字经济可持续发展。Under the “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” goals, e-commerce, as a core sector of the digital economy, holds significant importance in driving systemic socio-economic transformation through its low-carbon transition. This study deconstructs the carbon footprint across the entire lifecycle of e-commerce, revealing carbon emission characteristics and key contradictions in product production, warehousing management, logistics transportation, delivery/returns, and waste disposal. From technological, operational, and institutional dimensions, it proposes technology-driven decarbonization pathways including intelligent algorithm-optimized logistics networks and blockchain-enabled carbon tracing. Innovative operational models such as shared warehousing and circular packaging are suggested, alongside institutional safeguards like carbon labeling and inclusive carbon mechanisms. The sustainable development of e-commerce faces practical challenges including corporate conflicts between short-term profits and long-term responsibilities, fragmented consumer behaviors, and governance contradictions, requiring multi-stakeholder collaborative solutions. This research provides theoretical frameworks and practical strategies for e-commerce’s low-carbon transition from a lifecycle perspective, contributing to both “Dual Carbon” goal achievement and sustainable digital economy development.