Research on the Optimization Path of the Social Pension Security System under the Background of Rural Aging

随着中国农村老龄化程度持续加深，传统家庭养老模式逐渐失效，城乡养老资源分配失衡问题日益凸显。本研究基于第七次全国人口普查数据及多省份实践经验，系统分析了农村老龄化背景下社会养老保障体系面临的制度碎片化、资金短缺、服务供给不足及城乡协同障碍等核心矛盾。提出构建“多层次保障制度、多元化资金筹措、创新化服务供给、差异化城乡协同”的优化路径。研究强调需通过提升基础养老金水平、优化医疗保障制度、强化养老服务人才队伍培养及建立多元化资金筹措长效机制等政策组合拳，破解农村养老保障的深层困境。最终指出，农村养老改革需平衡顶层设计与地方实践，推动制度创新与资源整合，为实现乡村振兴与公平发展提供可持续支撑。With the continuous deepening of rural aging in China, the traditional family-based pension model is gradually losing its effectiveness, and the imbalance in the distribution of pension resources between urban and rural areas is becoming increasingly prominent. Based on the data from the seventh national census and practical experiences from multiple provinces, this study systematically analyzes the core contradictions faced by the social pension security system under the background of rural aging, including institutional fragmentation, shortage of funds, insufficient service supply, and obstacles to urban-rural coordination. It proposes an optimization path of “multi-level security system, diversified fund-raising, innovative service supply, and differentiated urban-rural coordination”. The research emphasizes the need to break through the deep-seated predicaments of rural pension security through a combination of policies such as raising the basic pension level, optimizing the medical security system, strengthening the training of the elderly care service workforce, and establishing a long-term mechanism for diversified fund-raising. Finally, it points out that rural pension reform needs to balance top-level design with local practice, promote institutional innovation and resource integration, and provide sustainable support for achieving rural revitalization and fair development.