The management genetic code: courageous dimensions, morality and evolutionary satisfaction

Purpose Guided by Social Cognitive and Self-Determination Theories, this study aimed to analyse the morality and satisfaction associated with courageous decision-making by examining the influence of its various dimensions: freewill, risk-taking, the threat faced, fear experienced, perseverance, generosity, powerlessness, potential undesirable consequences, self-interest and virtue posturing. Design/methodology/approach We utilised a novel methodology that employed two variants of genetic programming (GP), Monotonic GP (MGP) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP), to analyse data from 378 managers. Participants recounted a critical incident involving a courageous decision they made and assessed it across ten key dimensions. Findings Our evolutionary modelling achieved over 70% accuracy in mathematically encoding human reactions to moral courage and satisfaction with courageous behaviour. The results indicated that fear experienced, perseverance and generosity were the most significant factors influencing the perceived morality of the decision, whereas perseverance, generosity and powerlessness were the most influential factors regarding satisfaction. Research limitations/implications Further research with more extensive and diverse samples could enhance the generalisability of these findings. This study suggests that comprehending the impact of various dimensions on courageous behaviour offers a new and practical approach to analysing complex human behaviours, including managerial decision-making. Practical implications Organisations can leverage these findings to cultivate a culture of courageous behaviour by fostering perseverance and generosity while empowering individuals to overcome perceived limitations. Additionally, aligning leadership practices with ethical principles ensures that courage is exercised within a robust moral framework. Social implications Understanding the key dimensions of moral courage, such as perseverance and overcoming limitations, can empower individuals and inform broader societal approaches to promoting ethical decision-making and positive social change. This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of courage, emphasising its potential to benefit others. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in its application of GP techniques to analyse the complex interplay of dimensions that influence the morality and satisfaction of courageous decisions within a managerial context. This highlights crucial factors that organisations can consider when promoting ethical and fulfilling courageous behaviour among their workforces.