Accessibility and Spatial Optimization of Childcare Institutions in Central Urban Area of Chongqing

提升托育服务的可达性对于构建生育友好型城市有重要意义。研究以重庆市中心城区为对象，首先采用核密度分析、最近邻分析、样方分析进行托育机构的空间分布特征，随后基于10、20、30分钟服务阈值采用两步移动搜索法来探究托育机构的可达性。结果表明：(1) 重庆市中心城区托育机构具有“核心–边缘”分布特征。托育机构主要集中在江北区、渝北区、九龙坡区交界一带，中心城区边界街道托育机构数量较少。(2) 托育机构的分布与人口分布具有一定关联，托育机构主要集中于渝北区、江北区等人口高密度集聚区。(3) 分别从步行与车行模式分析可达性，步行模式下的可达性高值区较为分散，低值区面积占比较大，车行模式下的可达性高值区较为集中且面积占比较大。(4) 实现“15分钟育儿圈”，满足新兴居住区的托育需求，以此来缓解供需空间矛盾。Improving the accessibility of childcare services is of great significance for building a fertility-friendly city. This study takes the central urban area of Chongqing as the object. Firstly, kernel density analysis, nearest neighbor analysis and quadrat analysis are used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of childcare institutions. Then, based on the service thresholds of 10, 20 and 30 minutes, a two-step mobile search method is used to explore the accessibility of childcare institutions. The results show that: (1) The childcare institutions in the central urban area of Chongqing have the “core-periphery” distribution characteristics. The childcare institutions are mainly concentrated in the handover area of Jiangbei District, Yubei District and Jiulongpo District, and the number of childcare institutions in the boundary streets of the central urban area is small. (2) There is a certain correlation between the distribution of childcare institutions and population distribution. Childcare institutions are mainly concentrated in high-density population agglomeration areas such as Yubei District and Jiangbei District. (3) The accessibility is analyzed from the walking and vehicle modes respectively. The high-value areas of accessibility in the walking mode are more dispersed, and the low-value areas account for a larger proportion. The high-value areas of accessibility in the vehicle mode are more concentrated and the area accounts for a larger proportion. (4) The implementation of a “15-minute childcare circle” will meet the childcare needs of emerging residential areas and thus ease the spatial contradictions between supply and demand.