Prevalence and Management of Nephroptosis: A 13-Year Retrospective Study in Kyrgyzstan

Nephroptosis (NP) is characterized by abnormal downward displacement of the kidney, predominantly affecting young working women aged 20–45 years. This retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment outcomes of NP in the Kyrgyz Republic between 2010 and 2023. Data from 1824 patients diagnosed with NP in various healthcare institutions were analyzed. NP occurred more frequently in women (79.6%) than in men (20.4%), with Bishkek showing the highest occurrence at 51.4%. Between 2020-2023, the NP incidence increased by 2.8%, and the most common associated conditions were LN (18.5%), hypertension (17.9%), and dyslipidemia (15.7%). In 205 patients with NP and LN, immunosuppressant treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide improved kidney function (eGFR increased from 65.8 ± 9.2 to 81.1 ± 7.4 mL/min/1.73 m²; p < 0.01) and reduced proteinuria (from 2.9 ± 1.3 to 0.8 ± 0.4 g/day; p < 0.001) over 12 months. However, 17.5% of patients required surgical nephropexy due to ongoing symptoms. The rising incidence of NPs in Kyrgyzstan emphasizes the need for enhanced diagnostic methods and clinical awareness. The common occurrence of NP with LN highlights the need for multidisciplinary management. While immunosuppressive therapy is effective for NP with LN, some patients benefit from surgical nephropexy. Future studies are needed to assess outcomes and improve treatment strategies, especially in patients with autoimmune diseases.