Phytotherapeutic advances in psoriasis: A natural approach to treatment

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder, characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and excessive inflammation, leading to the formation of psoriatic plaques.Conventional treatments, including corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics, offer symptomatic relief but often pose challenges such as adverse effects, drug resistance, and recurrence.In recent years, plant-derived therapies have gained attention as potential alternative or complementary treatments due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.Various phytochemicals, including polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and carotenoids, have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating psoriasis symptoms by modulating immune responses, inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, and reducing oxidative stress.Notable medicinal plants such as Aloe vera, Artemisia capillaris, St. John's Wort, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Salvia miltiorrhiza have shown promising results in preclinical and limited clinical studies.These natural compounds act through multiple mechanisms, including NF-B, MAPK, and JAK-STAT pathway inhibition, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-23, TNF-), and regulation of keratinocyte differentiation.While these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals, further clinical trials are essential to validate their efficacy, optimize dosages, and ensure safety.This review explores the current advancements in plant-based treatments for psoriasis, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, therapeutic potential, and the need for further research to establish them as viable treatment options in dermatology.