Thrombolytic activity of Drosera peltata Thunb. and Yucca aloifolia L.: A comparative in vitro evaluation

Thrombosis, the pathological formation of blood clots within vessels, is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and pulmonary embolism.Disruption in the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis underlies thrombotic disorders.While synthetic anticoagulants and thrombolytics are available, their use is often limited by adverse effects such as haemorrhage and resistance.This study explores the thrombolytic potential of Drosera peltata Thunb.and Yucca aloifolia L., medicinal plants traditionally used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.Ethanolic extracts of D. peltata leaves and Y. aloifolia roots were prepared via maceration and analyzed for phytochemical composition using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS).Thrombolytic activity was evaluated in vivo using albino Wistar rats divided into nine groups.Parameters such as bleeding time, clotting time, thrombus length, platelet count, leukocyte count, haemoglobin levels, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured.Histopathological analysis of thrombotic tissue was conducted to assess structural changes.Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and saponins in both extracts.GC-MS identified bioactive compounds, including dimethyl sulfoxide, benzoic acid, coumarin, and hexadecanoic acid, known for their anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties.In vivo results showed significant reductions in thrombus length, prolonged bleeding time, and enhanced fibrinolytic activity in treated groups compared to controls.Reduced CRP levels and platelet counts indicated anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects.Histopathological analysis demonstrated decreased fibrin deposition and improved vascular integrity.The findings suggest that D. peltata and Y. aloifolia possess significant thrombolytic potential, likely mediated by flavonoids and other phytoconstituents that modulate coagulation pathways.These plants represent promising natural alternatives for thrombolytic therapy.Further studies, including molecular docking and clinical trials, are needed to elucidate mechanisms and validate therapeutic efficacy.