Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of severe respiratory failure (literature review)

The objective was to summarize the available data on the use of V-V ECMO (veno–venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) in severe respiratory failure and to update ideas about the tactics of intensive therapy. Materials and methods . In this review, we searched Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, PubMed, and E-library database. 48 articles were included, containing modern approaches to V-V ECMO, as well as current data of clinical and scientific studies. Results . In this review, we presented the physiologic aspects of V-V ECMO, indications for its use and data on its effectiveness in the treatment of severe respiratory failure of various etiologies. Current clinical data on management tactics and aspects of intensive care are presented. Conclusions . Ensuring “Lung rest” with the creation of conditions for the restoration of lung gas exchange function is the main point of application of V-V ECMO in intensive care for severe respiratory failure. Individualized approach to the assessment of indications and timely initiation of the method in multidisciplinary institutions with extensive experience are key factors that improve the treatment outcomes of patients in this group.