Basic theoretical frameworks of health education, research needs and practice implications in China

Abstract The health of the population is the foundation of social civilization and progress, and it is a common pursuit among the general populace. With robust policy support, China aims to shift the focus of healthcare from disease treatment to prevention. Health education is a key strategy in this shift. However, this approach faces numerous challenges, including the application of fundamental health education theories across diverse health issues, healthcare systems, cultural contexts, and varying resource availability. This paper aims to summarize and present several theories related to health education, and then to discuss their application and related suggestions in China. Firstly, behavior change stages, social cognitive theory, the health belief model, theories related to promoting and supporting behaviors, locus of control, self-determination, the ecological model, and expectancy-value theory are briefly interpreted. Secondly, research needs and challenges regarding health education in China are discussed. Finally, using dengue fever control as an example, the RE-AIM model – standing for Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance – and the formative research framework are employed to illustrate the methodology for developing a tailored health education intervention program.