Quantifying China’s Food Self-Sufficiency and Security Transition Based on Flow and Consumption Analyses
This study aims to develop and apply an improved flow–consumption statistics (FCS) method to more accurately assess food and grain self-sufficiency in China. By incorporating dynamic food loss and waste estimates, the FCS method enhances accuracy and spatial resolution. Results from 2010 to 2022 show a national decline in food self-sufficiency to 82%, while grain self-sufficiency remains above 90%. Nineteen provinces failed to achieve food self-sufficiency, with notable regional disparities. Northern inland areas outperform southern coastal regions, which rely more on inter-regional transfers. The average national food loss and waste rate reached 22.8%. The FCS method provides a robust tool for policymakers to evaluate food security risks amid shifting socio-economic and environmental conditions.
Authors
- Yongqiang Cao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-7542)
- Jiaqi Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1449-7671)
- Rong Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-2784)
- Wei Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3008-9865)
- He Ren (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1616-4336)
- Yong Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-3987)
- Zhen Hong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-5058)
- Huanyu Chang
Institutions
- Tianjin Normal University (CN)
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (CN)
- Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China (CN)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Sustainability
- Published
- 2025-06-28
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/su17135965
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.16
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Ministry of Water Resources
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
- Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering