Zoonoses Under the Radar: What Do High School Students Really Know?

Zoonotic diseases are a persistent public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Brazil. This cross-sectional study evaluated the knowledge and perceptions of 132 high school students (70 public and 62 private) in Goiânia, Brazil, regarding zoonoses, using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses (Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests) revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between public and private school students in knowledge levels, pet care practices, and the awareness of zoonotic risks. While pet ownership was common in both groups, only 53% of private and 21% of public school students correctly defined “zoonosis.” Rabies, taeniasis, leptospirosis, tuberculosis, cysticercosis, cutaneous larva migrans, and leishmaniasis were the most frequently cited diseases, with private school students demonstrating greater recognition across all categories. However, most participants lacked detailed knowledge about transmission routes and prevention. Misconceptions—such as zoonoses affecting only low-income populations—were also identified. Preventive actions like sanitation, public education, and vaccination were commonly suggested but not consistently linked to zoonoses. These findings highlight critical educational gaps and emphasize the need to incorporate One Health principles into school curricula to improve youth understanding and support public health strategies for zoonosis prevention.