Indirect feedback as a tool for identifying academic misconduct: a cross-sectional multicentral study among medical students

Indirect feedback revealed a 27.11% prevalence of observed misconduct, compared to only 2.71% self-reported, suggesting underreporting in traditional approaches. This method provides valuable insights into misconduct patterns and at-risk groups, enabling the development of targeted interventions. Despite its potential, limitations such as reliance on self-reported observations warrant further refinement. Future research should integrate indirect feedback with complementary tools to enhance monitoring systems and foster a culture of transparency and accountability in medical education. By addressing academic misconduct effectively, institutions can uphold research integrity and public trust in scientific outcomes.