The relationship of genetic signature for cardiometabolic risk with biomarkers of inflammatory and oxidative stress in diabetic patients

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing in most parts of the world. Several studies suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CVD are induced by lifestyle behaviours and genetic factors. This study investigated the association between a genetic risk score (GRS) and cardio-metabolic risk factors among diabetic patients. The current cross-sectional study involved 700 diabetic patients. The genetic risk score was created by combining three single nucleotide polymorphisms [Apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2) (rs5082), Ins/Del (rs17240441) and EcoR1polymorphism (rs1042031) variants]. This polygenic risk score (PRS) was developed to predict cardiometabolic risks based on the presence of these common genetic variants. Standard protocols were used to measure anthropometric measurements and blood parameters. A significant association was observed between the GRS and several cardiometabolic risk factors, including BMI (β = 0.006, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.01, p = 0.05) and WC (β = 0.006, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.01, p = 0.02), in both crude and adjusted models. Additionally, a significant result was found between hs-CRP and GRS in the crude and adjusted models (β = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.2 to 0.83, p = 0.001). This study also revealed a reverse association between GRS and antioxidant markers such as PTX3 (β = -0.14, 95% CI= -0.23 to -0.04, p = 0.005), TAC (β = -0.02, 95% CI= -0.04 to < 0.001, p = 0.04), and SOD (β = -0.02, 95% CI= -0.04 to -0.006, p = 0.008). After controlling for confounding factors, the significant reverse associations between PTX3 (P = 0.009) and SOD (P = 0.009) with GRS were maintained. We found a significant positive association between GRS, including [APOA2 (rs5082), Ins/Del (rs17240441) and EcoR1 (rs1042031) variants] and cardiometabolic risk factors among T2DM patients.