CROP GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD APPLYING AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGIES

Purpose: to study the influence of agrobiotechnology on the growth, development, crop structure and biological yield of crops in the grain-row crop rotation link. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in scientific and production experiment in 2022–2024 on slightly eroded typical chernozem (Kursk region, Medvensky district, Panino village). In the experiment, microbiological preparations (MBP) “Trichoplant, SK” and “Biogor-Zh” used to treat seeds, soil, crops and by-products were applied. Experiment options: 1) Control (generally accepted technology); 2) Chopped by-products (CP) of the crop; 3) CP + 10 kg of active ingredient N per 1 ton of straw (N); 4) CP + lime 1.5 t/ha; 5) PP + MBP (agrobiotechnology-1); 6) PP + MBP + N (agrobiotechnology-2); 7) PP + MBP + lime 1.5 t/ha (agrobiotechnology-3). Field experiments were carried out according to the State Variety Testing methodology. Results. Inoculation of lupine and barley seeds with MBP increases field germination under unfavorable hydrothermal conditions by up to 40 and 16 %. Treatment of crops with MBP increased stress resistance of crops. During the dry period, the corn development did not stop, and by the period of formation of the 7–9th leaf, the maximum value of the plant height was noted when using agrobiotechnology-2 – 128.1 cm, which is significantly higher than the control by 35.8 cm at HSR₀₅ = 12.6 cm. After spring frosts, the barley crops treatment with MBP had a positive effect on the crop development. The use of agrobiotechnology-2 significantly increased the weight of one plant during the tillering period by 30 % compared to the control. The maximum yield of corn green mass – 40.74 t/ha and barley – 3.23 t/ha was revealed when applying agrobiotechnology-3, and lupine – 3.81 t/ha – agrobiotechnology-1. Conclusions. Microbiological preparations “Trichoplant, SK” and “Biogor-Zh” have a positive effect on the growth and development of crops, but the effectiveness of microbiological preparations significantly depends on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season.