Translation and psychometric validation of the need to belong scale in Urdu

The need to belong is a fundamental human motivation that significantly influences individuals’ thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. However, in Pakistan, there is a lack of linguistically and culturally appropriate tools to assess this construct. The present study aimed to translate the need to belong scale into the Urdu language and examine its psychometric properties. The present study was conducted in two phases. Phase I involved the translation of the scale using MAPI guidelines, while Phase II focused on validating the translated version. A cross-sectional research design and convenience sampling technique were used to recruit a sample of 300 participants (Male = 150, Female = 150). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to validate the factor structure of the Urdu version. Psychometric properties were evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha reliability and assessments of correlation with other variables. The scale demonstrated excellent reliability and validity, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92. Fit indices also supported the model’s adequacy (Goodness of Fit Index = 0.96, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index = 0.90, Comparative Fit Index = 0.99, Normed Fit Index = 0.96, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.06). The Urdu version of the need to belong scale showed a significant positive correlation with psychological distress and a significant negative correlation with life satisfaction. These findings suggest that the Urdu-translated scale is a reliable and valid instrument, enabling culturally relevant research and mental health assessment among Urdu-speaking populations.