NOSEMOSIS OF HONEY BEES IN WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION

The article deals with methods of diagnostics of nosema disease in honey bees, as well as factors contributing to its spread. Diagnosis of the disease is based on epizootologic data, clinical signs, morphologic changes in the middle intestine and microscopic examination of pathmaterial. The lifetime diagnosis is carried out by coprological examination method, which allows to determine the degree of lesion according to a four-point system. The main factors of nosema spreading in apiaries are the use of infected equipment, wandering bees, improper expansion of families, unfavorable climatic conditions, as well as keeping southern breeds of bees less adapted to low temperatures. The disease is manifested by mass death of bees in winter and spring periods, reduction of their flight activity and productivity, as well as frequent change of mothers. Analysis of statistical data for 2019-2023 in West Kazakhstan region showed an increase in the defeat of bee families, especially by the pathogen Nosema ceranae, which has become dominant. In 2023, 36.7% of apiaries were unfavorable for nosemosis, and the greatest spread of the disease was noted in Zelenov and Syrym regions. The data obtained indicate the need for strict control and preventive measures to prevent further spread of nosema among bees.