Maternal immune-mediated conditions and ADHD risk in offspring
Several maternal immune-mediated conditions were associated with increased offspring ADHD risk. The higher, more consistent ADHD risk estimates with maternal conditions compared to paternal ones indicate that unmeasured genetic confounding does not fully explain these associations. These results suggest direct effects on fetal development through events at the maternal-fetal interface which may alter fetal immune responses and lead to greater ADHD risk in offspring. Asthma may be an exception to this mechanism, as paternal asthma was also linked with offspring ADHD risk.
Authors
- Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4653-0034)
- Per Magnus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6427-4735)
- Kjersti Mæhlum Walle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-2782)
- Kristin Gustavson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3047-3234)
- Helga Ask (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-5319)
- Michaeline Bresnahan
- Ragna Bugge Askeland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-0634)
- Mady Hornig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7572-3092)
- Siri Mjaaland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-5861)
- Walter Ian Lipkin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-9386)
- Camilla Stoltenberg
- Ezra Susser
Institutions
- Northwell Health (US)
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (US)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute (US)
- NORCE Research AS (NO)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
- University of Bergen (NO)
- Columbia University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Medicine
- Published
- 2025-07-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04227-3
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 3.76
Funders
- Helse- og Omsorgsdepartementet
- Norges Forskningsråd
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development