Biometric Evaluation of Maxillary Central Incisors’ Width, Length, and Width to Length Ratio in a Jordanian Sub-population

Objectives: This study aims to measure the width, length, and width to length (W:L) ratio of the clinical crowns of an adult population's maxillary central incisors. Materials and Methods: Retracted frontal images of the anterior teeth of 120 participants were obtained with digital photography under standardized conditions. Teeth measurements were obtained using (Image-J) software. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS (version 29) at α = 0.05. A t-test was used to analyze differences between the right and left maxillary central incisors, while an independent-sample t-test was used to assess gender differences in teeth dimensions and W:L ratios. Results: In the studied sample, the average perceived width of the right and left maxillary central incisors was 8.57 mm for females and 8.75 mm for males, with statistically significant gender differences (p = 0.039 and p = 0.040, respectively). The average length was 9.79 mm in females and 10.22 mm in males, also showing significant gender differences (p = 0.029 and p = 0.020, respectively). However, when comparing the maxillary central incisor width and length values between the right and left sides of the dental arch, no statistically significant differences were observed (p-values > 0.05). For the W:L ratio, the average ratio was 87% in males and 88% in females. No statistically significant differences were found between the right and left sides (p = 0.94) or between genders (p = 0.24). Conclusions: Significant gender differences were observed in both the width and length of maxillary central incisors, with males showing larger dimensions than females. No statistically significant differences were found between the right and left sides for width or length measurements. The W:L ratio showed no significant differences between genders or between sides of the dental arch. Keywords: Maxillary central incisors, Tooth dimensions, Width to length ratio, Gender differences, Jordanian population, Dental aesthetics.