Methodological Foundations behind Modern Approaches to the Spatial Distribution of Economic Resources in Russia

This article examines the conceptual foundations of spatial distribution of economic resources amid changing global economic relations and Russia’s regional policies. Emerging challenges and new factors in spatial development necessitate updating existing methodologies. The study focuses on the principles, mechanisms, and tools of spatial planning, using analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, and classification. The author refines methodological foundations of resource distribution approaches in light of current socio-economic transformations in Russia. The study highlights limitations of existing theories when applied to new territorial development factors such as digitalization, sanctions, climate risks, and geopolitical uncertainty. Analysis of modern approaches to spatial resource assessment, economic system typologies, and geoeconomic measurements identifies three core principles for optimal resource allocation: value-normative, economic, and institutional. The article outlines key elements of a comprehensive spatial resource distribution mechanism: strategic spatial planning; infrastructure design; development of special economic zones and advanced development areas; interbudgetary transfers; public-private partnerships; digital resource management platforms; and inclusive local community participation. These elements promote flexibility and adaptability amid socio-economic change. The findings can guide strategic and territorial planning, state programs, and investment initiatives. However, the study’s limitations include the high variability of the external economic environment, highlighting the need for further empirical research on regional spatial adaptability and sustainability. This work may be of interest to researchers and practitioners in regional economics, public administration, and spatial development.