Contesting an exclusive citizenship regime: the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and its electoral mobilisation in Batman in the late 1970s

Repeated calls have been made to focus on the <i>politics</i> of political violence for a better understanding of the political fundamentals of an armed movement. In this article we look into the politics of the Kurdistan Workers Party (<i>Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan</i>, PKK) through its engagement in municipal politics in the late 1970s in Batman, then a rural town in the Kurdistan region in Turkey, which rapidly industrialised after the local discovery of oil. Using a citizenship analytical lens, this article makes two substantial contributions. The article challenges overly simplistic, linear narratives regarding the PKK's origins and its eventual embrace of violence. By analysing the PKK's electoral and representational politics in the late 1970s, it emphasises the political dynamics of that period rather than reinterpreting its emergence solely through the later insurgency. Empirically, the article illustrates how the Kurdish political movement's pursuit of representation directly challenged the ethnically exclusionary citizenship regime of the Turkish state.