Impact of Calcium and Potassium Currents on Spiral Wave Dynamics in the LR1 Model

Spiral wave dynamics in cardiac tissue are critically implicated in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. This study investigates the effects of modulating calcium and potassium currents on spiral wave stability in a two-dimensional cardiac model. The gate variable that dynamically regulates the opening probability of ion channels also plays a significant role in the control of the spiral wave dynamics. We demonstrate that reducing gate variables accelerates wave propagation, thins spiral arms, and shortens action potential duration, ultimately inducing dynamic instability. Irregular electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns and altered action potential morphology further suggest an enhanced arrhythmogenic potential. These findings elucidate the ionic mechanisms underlying spiral wave breakup, providing both theoretical insights and practical implications for the development of targeted arrhythmia treatments.