Scientific Research and Marine Protected Area Monitoring Using a Deep-Sea Observatory: The Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents

Designating marine protected areas (MPAs) is an increasingly utilized policy instrument for preserving marine ecosystems and biological diversity while also allowing for sustainable use. However, designation is only the first step and cannot be successful without monitoring mechanisms to drive an effective and adaptive management plan. This article discusses the use of the NEPTUNE real-time seafloor observatory—originally designed to understand the complex interdisciplinary nature of the Endeavour mid-ocean ridge spreading center—as a tool to inform MPA management. We describe the ways in which geophysical and geological forces control biological habitat and water column biogeochemistry, and highlight research enabled by the observatory that increased our understanding of Endeavour’s hydrothermal vent ecology and these dynamic processes. Endeavour is naturally undergoing change, so an understanding of the multidisciplinary mechanisms and factors controlling its environment provides key management information.