Universal Moral Law in Kant's Philosophy: Meaning and Application in the Modern World

Immanuel Kant's moral philosophy, with the central concept of "Categorical Imperative", laid the foundation for a moral system based on reason and universality. This study explores the profound meaning of universal moral law in Kant's thought, emphasizing its role as an immutable principle that guides human behavior beyond personal gain or specific circumstances. The absolute imperative requires that every action be taken in such a way that the principle behind it can become a universal law, while respecting the human being as an end in itself and not as a means. The article analyzes how Kant constructs this concept from pure reason, sees it as the highest expression of autonomous will, and evaluates its significance in shaping moral norms. In the context of the modern world, the study examines the application of absolute imperatives to issues such as digital technology, social inequality, and environmental crises, where moral values are often challenged by economic interests and individualism. The results show that the Kant philosophy provides a coherent ethical framework to face these challenges, encouraging global responsibility and respect for human dignity. However, its rigidity also raises questions about its ability to adapt in complex situations. The article concludes that Kant's universal moral law still holds great value, providing a rational foundation for guiding ethical behavior in contemporary society, including Vietnam.