Anomaly Detection in Elderly Health Monitoring via IoT for Timely Interventions

As people age, more careful health monitoring becomes increasingly important. The article presents the development and implementation of an integrated system for monitoring the health of elderly individuals using Internet of Things (IoT) technology and a wearable bracelet to continuously collect vital data. The device integrates MAX30100 sensors for heart rate monitoring and MPU-6050 for step counting and sleep quality analysis (deep and superficial sleep). The collected data for average heart rate (AR), minimum (mR), maximum (MR), number of steps (S), deep sleep time (DST), and superficial sleep time (SST) is processed in real-time through a health anomaly detection algorithm (HADA), based on the dimensionality reduction method using PCA. The system is connected to the Azure cloud infrastructure, ensuring secure data transmission, preprocessing, and the automatic generation of alerts for prompt medical interventions. Studies conducted over two years demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and an accuracy of 98.5%, with a tendency to generate additional alerts to avoid overlooking critical events. The results outline the importance of personalizing the analysis, adapting algorithms to individual characteristics, and the system’s potential to prevent medical complications and improve the quality of life for elderly individuals.