Floating drug delivery system for peptic ulcer: An overview

Oral controlled release delivery systems are caused to deliver medications at an expected pace, thus increasing their effectiveness, diminishing side effects, and increasing drug bioavailability. This approach is the most widely utilized for systemic drug delivery in various pharmaceutical formulations. Recent technical improvements and scientific investigations have intended to develop rate-controlled drug delivery systems that tackle physiological hindrances such as brief gastric residence time and uneven gastric emptying rates. Differences in gastric physiology, including variations in gastric pH and motility, exhibit both intra – and inter-subject variability that significantly influence gastric residence times and the dynamics of drug delivery. Therefore, there is a growing interest in modernizing delivery systems designed to stay in the stomach for longer, more consistent durations. Different strategies have been examined, such as floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) swelling and expanding systems bioadhesive systems modified shape systems, high-density systems, and other devices intended to postpone gastric emptying. FDDS is particularly advantageous for drugs that are effective locally, have a narrow absorption window in the stomach or upper small intestine, are unstable in the intestinal or colonic environment, and possess low solubility at elevated pH levels. This review article aims to provide in-depth insights into the pharmaceutical principles governing their design, classification, advantages, evaluation parameters both in vitro and in vivo, and the prospects of FDDS.