A cross sectional study to assess prevalence of high risk children for diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors from selected school of Mumbai

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease of impaired metabolism that affects the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. Different clinical phenotypes with varied degrees of disrupted metabolism are caused through a combination(s) of insulin insufficiency and sensitivity to its activities. In 2021globally, there were around 41,600 newly diagnosed cases of T2DM in children and adolescents. The International diabetes federation (IDF) Western Pacific area and World Bank upper and middle income nations account for around 30% & 40% of all cases globally, respectively. China, India, and the United States of America have the largest estimated numbers of incident cases. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out from selected schools of Mumbai city during 1st October to 31st October 2024. Total 360 children age from 12-16 years included in the study. Structured questionnaire, anthropometric assessment with screening tool as per guideline of American diabetes association (ADA) was used to collect data from children. Result: Out of 360 children 44 was found to be high risk children for DM. Major risk factors were obesity 44(100%), positive family history 36 (81.81%), hypertension 16 (36.36%), followed by impaired sugar level 2 (4.5%) and insulin resistance 3(6.81%) in girl. The overall prevalence rate was 12.22% and in girls 5% while in boys 7.20%. Conclusion: There is need to create awareness about diabetes and it’s risk factors among children. Periodic screening of children with risk factors for DM should be done. There is need to promote healthy lifestyle to reduce obesity and risk of DM in children.