A conceptual study of Kriyatmak and rachanatmak vikruti of grahani in grahani vyadhi

In Ayurveda, the impairment of Pachakagni (digestive fire) is regarded as a fundamental cause in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Mandagni (weakened digestive fire) is specifically identified as the chief etiological factor in Grahani Vyadhi. Grahani, located between the Amashaya (stomach) and Pakvashaya (large intestine), is considered the sixth layer (Pittadhara) and plays a vital role in digestion, absorption, and retention of food until proper transformation occurs. It functions as both an anatomical and physiological entity, and its strength is closely linked to the integrity of Agni. When Agni becomes impaired, the functional aspect of Grahani (Grahani-kala) also becomes vitiated, resulting in various gastrointestinal disorders such as Ajirna (indigestion), Atisara (diarrhea), Vilambika (chronic indigestion), and Grahani. The process of digestion is governed by Bodhaka Kapha, Kledaka Kapha, Saman Vayu, and Pachaka Pitta, which function in coordination with Jatharagni. As Jatharagni resides in Grahani, its dysfunction is central to the development of Grahani Vyadhi. This conceptual study explores Rachanatmak Vikruti (structural abnormalities) and Kriyatmak Vikruti (functional disturbances) of Grahani. Kriyatmak Vikruti includes deranged physiological processes like digestion and absorption, primarily due to Mandagni or Vishamagni, while Rachanatmak Vikruti involves structural changes due to chronic dysfunction. A comprehensive understanding of both aspects is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management. The study emphasizes preserving Agni and the integrity of Grahani through appropriate Aahara (diet), Vihara (lifestyle), and Chikitsa (treatment), forming a holistic Ayurvedic approach to managing Grahani Vyadhi.