Reflecting on Reflexivity and Positionality in Qualitative Research: What, Why, When, and How?

Reflexivity has emerged as a central concern in qualitative research, emphasising the researcher's role as an observer and an integral part of the research process.Recognising the researcher as a 'tool' highlights the importance of self-awareness, positionality, and transparency throughout the study.This paper explores the concept of reflexivity by addressing four foundational questions that qualitative researchers must consider: What is reflexivity?Why is it vital to the integrity and depth of qualitative inquiry?When should it be applied?How can it be effectively practised?Adopting a conceptual and literature-informed reflective approach, this paper examines reflexivity's theoretical underpinnings and practical applications across various qualitative methodologies.The discussion aims to clarify the multifaceted nature of reflexivity and its implications for enhancing research quality, credibility, and ethical rigour.Drawing on key scholarly contributions, the paper provides insights and recommendations for researchers to critically examine their assumptions, values, and influences throughout the research process.