Ethical and legal aspects of clinical and forensic autopsy

Abstract This narrative review analyzed ethical and legal aspects of clinical and forensic autopsy, compiling studies from various methodologies published between 2000 and 2023 in the LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases, providing a comprehensive view of the topic. The findings were categorized into clinical autopsy, forensic autopsy, and autopsy during the pandemic, highlighting the effects of COVID-19. Both types are essential for improving medical care, clarifying causes of death, and providing legal evidence, yet they face challenges such as a decline in cases due to technological advancements and cultural and religious barriers. The pandemic intensified these challenges, leading to procedural adaptations and increased recognition of alternative methods. Balancing the need for reliable information while respecting cultural beliefs remains an ongoing challenge, emphasizing the importance of ethical approaches. The evolution of autopsy reflects medical advancements and the complex interplay between science, ethics, culture, and legality.