Dual-Rheological Model and Finite Element Simulation of Hemodynamics Through a Multiple Stenotic Artery with Nanodrug-Eluting Stent

A two-dimensional rheological study of hemodynamics through a diseased artery with multiple stenosis and drug-eluting stent is simulated computationally. The homogeneous suspension of metallic gold nanoparticles in the blood is considered motivated by pharmacology applications. The Casson (viscoplastic) and Sisko (viscoelastic) fluid models are employed, to mimic non-Newtonian characteristics of the blood flow in the core and in the peripheral arterial region respectively. The revised Buongiorno two-component nanofluid model is utilized for nanoscale effects and natural double-diffusive convection to simulate the dual influence of thermal and solutal buoyancy forces. The transformed governing equations with appropriate non-dimensional variables are solved numerically subject to physical boundary conditions using the finite element method. The effect of significant thermo-physical parameters on velocity, hemodynamic pressure, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration have been calculated for two clinically essential cases of arteries with multiple stenosis (without stent) in the presence of a drug eluting stent. Regarding the color contours and graphs, it is observed that when increasing the thermophoresis parameter, the Nusselt number increases initially but decreases gradually with higher value of thermophoresis parameter. Whereas the pressure decreases with the increase in thermophoresis parameter. The simulations are relevant to transport phenomena in pharmacology and to nano-drug targeted delivery in cardiovascular rheology and vascular sciences.