Distribution of macronutrients and total calories in patients belonging to a private clinic in the state of Puebla

Introduction Nutrition plays a fundamental role in the development of an organism. Maintaining a balanced diet in terms of macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) and micronutrients provides the patient with an adequate quality of life and a decrease in cardio-metabolic diseases. Weight gain produces alterations in the production of cytokines and therefore alterations in the secretion of insulin and glucose metabolism (insulin resistance and diabetes). 1 In Mexico, according to the results of ENSANUT 2022, 75.2% of people over 20 years of age are overweight and obese, being higher in women (76.8%) than in men (73.5%). Furthermore, 18.4% of the population have diabetes. 2 It is for this reason that it is essential in the country to prevent, manage and adequately address these disorders. Objective To determine the percentage of adequacy and total calories in patients belonging to a private nutrition clinic. Methodology An observational and descriptive study was conducted. The research was carried out in a private nutrition clinic in the state of Puebla. General data were collected from 68 patients, as well as weight, height and BMI. The 24-hour recall and Nutrein software were used to calculate the total calories and macronutrient distribution that the patients consumed per day. The IMSS calorie calculator was also used to determine the calories the patient needed per day. Finally, the calories and macronutrients that the patients consumed were compared with what they should consume. Results The sample consisted of 68 patients (without a history of significant diseases), 52.9% female and 47.1% male, with an age range of 20 to 45 years. The average weight, height and BMI for the female population were 65.76 kg, 1.56 meters and 28.15 kg/m2 respectively. The average weight, height and BMI for the male population were 73.2 kg, 1.66 meters and 27.6 kg/m2 respectively. 27.1% of the participants were of normal weight, 51.1% were overweight and 21.8% were obese. It was found that 64.7% of the patients had an inadequate (high) protein intake, 23.5% had an adequate intake and 11.7% had a low intake. Regarding lipids, 25.8% of patients had a high consumption, 41.7% an adequate consumption and 32.5% a low consumption. Regarding carbohydrates, it was observed that 83.3% of individuals had a high consumption and 17.6% an adequate consumption. The average number of calories consumed by men was 1941.15 and by women 1690.8; it was observed that 58.3% of the population had an excess in calorie consumption. Conclusion Most of the population studied, an inadequate intake was observed with respect to the distribution of macronutrients, focusing mainly on proteins and carbohydrates. The inadequacy of each of these dietary parameters leads to nutritional imbalance and loss of control of homeostasis and therefore, can be a risk factor for the patient to develop chronic diseases. References 1. Alva AR & Kuri-Morales. Prevención en obesidad y diabetes, Salud Pública y Medicina Preventiva. Manual moderno. 2018; 5:285-290. 2. ENSANUT. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2022. Resultados nacionales. 2023; 65(1). bit.ly/Ensanut2022. This abstract was presented at the American Physiology Summit 2025 and is only available in HTML format. There is no downloadable file or PDF version. The Physiology editorial board was not involved in the peer review process.