Integrating twenty-five <i>Life APPs</i> ( <i>All Purpose Principles</i> ) inside the teaching of standard physiology courses
Physiology is perhaps the most integrated of the sciences involving as it does physics, chemistry, biology and various engineering principles. The purpose of this presented work is to (a) list and describe these 25 Life APPs, (b) show how they can be interspersed into standard physiology courses, and (c) to offer a currently used “Matching Quiz”, constructed within Brightspace (D2L), as an aid in students in learning these concepts. The 25 Life APPs include the “top ten”: Positive and Negative Feedback; Structure and Function relationships; Mortality vs Morbidity; Physiology as Applied Physics; Acute vs Chronic actions, Symptoms or Signs vs Causes; Human Body was better optimized for past environmental conditions; Effects of biological rhythms on general physiology; Primary Effect vs Side Effects; Why do most people think that the average female body is physically inferior to the average male body and why they are wrong. The remaining fifteen Life APPs are: Why some biological processes are simple and others complex; Why all sustained evolved structures have both advantages and disadvantages; Why various biological processes and organisms evolve; You, Free Will and Consciousness; How we know what is real or true vs false; Where the mind stops and the brain or body begins; Prevention over Correction; Redundancy aids in Safety; Difficulties of Borders and Interfaces; The ABCs of critical care; Defining death; Digestive consequences of having evolved in a different environment; GI track optimized for symbiotic bacteria; Why so many bad side effects when we take medicines to solve primary medical issues; Why these Life AAPs are worth remembering. These 25 Life APPs are integrated into he presentations within a 1 st year 2 nd semester course in A&P, as well as the advanced undergraduate course in animal or medical physiology at the University of Maine. They can be adapted, in part or in whole, to any undergraduate or graduate physiology course. They are easily modifiable or selectively parsed. In addition to interspersing them, where appropriate, into standard systems physiology courses, I either assign them or grant extra credit for completing them within a Matching Quiz embedded within Brightspace (D2L). How this is currently done will be demonstrated during the presentation. The author is willing and prepared to share their Brightspace courses used for both IN CLASS and ONLINE teaching. In sum, 25 unifying (physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and all systems covered in physiology) concepts are described and coined as “Life APPs” (All Purpose Principles). These Life APPs have been integrated into standard lectures as well as in a stand-alone Brightspace Matching Quiz. These are made freely available to teachers of biology or physiology. There is no copyright on these Life APPS. There is no conflict of interest in the publication of this work. Private funding. This abstract was presented at the American Physiology Summit 2025 and is only available in HTML format. There is no downloadable file or PDF version. The Physiology editorial board was not involved in the peer review process.
Authors
- Leonard Kass
Institutions
- University of Maine (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physiology
- Published
- 2025-05-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.2025.40.s1.0587
- Primary Topic
- Biomedical and Engineering Education
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00