Assessment of public awareness and knowledge of cataracts among residents of Bisha Governorate, Saudi Arabia

Background: Cataract is an eye disease characterized by clouding of the lens, leading to a gradual decrease in vision. It typically develops slowly and can affect one or both eyes. Cataracts are a major cause of blindness worldwide, including in Saudi Arabia, where they are a leading contributor to vision impairment. This research aims to assess the level of awareness about cataracts among the population of Bisha governorate. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, targeting the general population in Bisha city aged 18 years or older. Data were collected through a validated online questionnaire, with participants selected from the Bisha region using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26. Results: The findings revealed that 74.1% of participants recognized cataracts as an eye disease, while 36.1% incorrectly believed it to be a white membrane growing over the eye. The most commonly identified risk factor was diabetes mellitus (74.1%), followed by increasing age (54.4%). Most participants (82.1%) acknowledged that cataracts impair vision, and 48.3% recognized cataracts as a cause of blindness. Awareness of cataract treatment was relatively high, with 69.6% correctly identifying surgery as the primary intervention, and 63.5% understanding that treatment is necessary when vision is affected. However, only 50.6% of participants were aware that vision can be restored after cataract-induced blindness. The study also found a significant association between cataract awareness and both age (p = 0.002) and education level (p = 0.000), while gender, marital status, and place of residence showed no statistically significant associations. Conclusion: In conclusion, while most participants had a general awareness of cataracts, misconceptions about the disease and its risk factors persisted. Many mistakenly believed that cataracts were a white membrane growing over the eye, highlighting the need for targeted education. Although diabetes and aging were commonly recognized risk factors, awareness of others, such as steroid use and smoking, was low. Age and education level significantly influenced awareness, emphasizing the importance of educational initiatives. Strengthening health education through mass media, social networks, and healthcare professionals is crucial to improving cataract awareness and promoting early intervention.