Light Transmission Through Space-Time-Modulated Josephson Junction Arrays and Application to Quantum Angular-Frequency Beam Multiplexing

Josephson junctions, as pivotal components of modern technologies such as superconducting quantum computing, owe their prominence to their unique nonlinear properties at low temperatures. Despite their extensive use in static configurations, the study of dynamic Josephson junctions, under space-time (ST) modulation, remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the interaction and transmission of light through arrays of space-time-modulated (STM) Josephson junctions. A comprehensive mathematical framework is presented to model the propagation of electric and magnetic fields within and beyond these structures. We demonstrate how such dynamic arrays enable unique four-dimensional light manipulation, leading to angular-frequency beam multiplexing through a seamless integration of frequency conversion and beam-splitting functionalities. These advancements open new horizons for electromagnetic field engineering, with far-reaching implications for superconducting quantum technologies, next-generation wireless communications, biomedical sensing, and radar systems.