Organic Farmers in Calabanga, Camarines Sur, Philippines: Characteristics, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice

Organic agriculture in the Philippines is growing due to government support and increasing consumer demand for healthier food. However, farmers face challenges such as limited access to information, inadequate infrastructure, and market difficulties. This study aims to understand the real-world experiences of organic farmers in Calabanga, a municipality with a diverse ecosystem and predominantly agricultural economy. The study aims to determine farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward organic agriculture practices, identify their priority interests, assess the extent of adoption, identify challenges and problems, explore countermeasures, and develop training programs tailored to their needs. Employing a descriptive research design, the study uses purposive sampling to include all 21 organic farmers in Calabanga. Data collection involved a self-made questionnaire reviewed by university experts, gathering information on farmers' demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to organic agriculture. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The study revealed varying levels of knowledge among farmers, with 57.1% having good knowledge, 28.6% excellent, and 14.3% very good. Formal education and peer learning were significant sources of knowledge. Common practices included the use of organic fertilizers (100%), seed-saving techniques (71.4%), and crop rotation (57.1%). Major challenges identified were the high cost of organic inputs (71.4%), lack of knowledge/training (57.1%), and insufficient government support (57.1%). The study indicates that while farmers are knowledgeable and willing to adopt organic practices, they face significant economic and institutional barriers. There is a need for improved policies, support programs, and training initiatives to enhance the adoption and sustainability of organic farming. This study provides valuable insights that can inform better policies and create effective support programs for organic farmers in Calabanga. By addressing the identified challenges, the study aims to promote organic agriculture as a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional farming, ultimately protecting the environment, improving farmer welfare, and strengthening food security in the Philippines.