Scars That Shape Us: The Long-Term Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Mental Health

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are significant predictors of long-term mental health outcomes, yet their impact is profoundly shaped by the cultural, socioeconomic, and structural contexts in which individuals live. This scoping review explores the complex interplay between ACEs and mental health across diverse populations, highlighting how cultural beliefs, social support systems, economic disparities, historical trauma, gender norms, and intersectional identities influence both the experience of childhood adversity and the availability of protective mechanisms. The review emphasizes the need for culturally adapted, trauma-informed interventions that are responsive to local realities, especially in underserved and marginalized communities. It further outlines comprehensive public health and policy strategies aimed at preventing ACEs, promoting resilience, and integrating trauma-informed care into health, education, and social service systems. By adopting a holistic and equity-centered lens, this review underscores the importance of context-sensitive approaches to breaking the cycle of trauma and fostering mental health across the lifespan.